Hip hemiarthroplasty, also known as partial hip replacement, is a surgical procedure designed to replace the damaged femoral head (the "ball" of the hip joint) with an artificial implant while preserving the natural socket (acetabulum). This surgery is commonly performed in elderly patients who suffer from hip fractures, particularly femoral neck fractures, where blood supply to the femoral head is compromised.
Unlike a total hip replacement, which replaces both the ball and socket, hemiarthroplasty is a less invasive option that focuses on restoring mobility while minimizing surgical trauma. It’s often the preferred choice for patients with healthy acetabular cartilage who may not need a full joint replacement. Recovery is typically faster, and the procedure helps patients regain independence sooner.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know—from when surgery is necessary to recovery expectations and long-term outcomes.
Hip hemiarthroplasty is primarily recommended for patients who have suffered a displaced femoral neck fracture, especially in older adults with osteoporosis. These fractures often disrupt blood flow to the femoral head, making natural healing unlikely. Other key indications include:
However, hemiarthroplasty is not recommended for younger, active patients or those with pre-existing acetabular damage—these individuals may benefit more from a total hip replacement. A thorough evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon is essential to determine the best treatment.
While both procedures address hip joint damage, they differ significantly in scope, recovery, and long-term outcomes:
| Feature | Hemiarthroplasty | Total Hip Replacement |
|---|---|---|
| What’s Replaced | Only the femoral head (ball) | Both the femoral head and acetabulum (socket) |
| Best For | Elderly patients with fractures | Younger patients or those with arthritis in both parts |
| Recovery Time | Faster (4-6 weeks) | Longer (8-12 weeks) |
| Longevity | May require revision if socket wears out | Lasts 15-20+ years |
Choosing between the two depends on age, activity level, and joint condition. Hemiarthroplasty is often a short-term solution for fracture patients, whereas total replacement offers a longer-lasting fix for degenerative conditions.
Hip hemiarthroplasty is typically performed under general or spinal anesthesia and takes about 1-2 hours. Here’s a breakdown of the process:
Most patients stay in the hospital for 2-4 days post-surgery. Physical therapy begins almost immediately to prevent stiffness and promote healing. Minimally invasive techniques may reduce scarring and speed up recovery.
Recovery after hip hemiarthroplasty varies but generally follows this timeline:
Rehabilitation is crucial to regain strength and mobility. Exercises focus on:
Full recovery may take 3-6 months, but many patients walk independently within weeks.
While hip hemiarthroplasty is generally safe, potential risks include:
Choosing an experienced surgeon and following post-op instructions minimizes these risks.
Hip hemiarthroplasty has a 90-95% success rate in relieving pain and restoring mobility for fracture patients. Key long-term outcomes:
Regular follow-ups ensure the implant remains functional.
Typically 1-2 hours, depending on complexity.
Yes, for 4-6 weeks to prevent falls.
Yes, avoid extreme bending or twisting initially.
Usually after 6 weeks, with doctor approval.