Hip Resurfacing Surgery: A Complete Guide for Patients

What is Hip Resurfacing? (Overview)

Hip resurfacing is an advanced surgical alternative to traditional total hip replacement, designed to relieve pain and improve mobility while preserving more of the patient's natural bone. Unlike a full hip replacement, which removes the entire femoral head, hip resurfacing involves placing a metal cap over the damaged femoral head and a matching metal socket in the pelvis.

This procedure is particularly beneficial for younger, active patients who want to maintain an active lifestyle. The metal-on-metal design allows for greater durability and range of motion compared to conventional hip replacements. However, not everyone is a candidate—factors like bone quality, age, and activity level play a crucial role in determining eligibility.

Developed in the 1990s, modern hip resurfacing has evolved with improved materials and techniques, reducing risks like metal ion release. If you're considering hip surgery, understanding this option can help you make an informed decision alongside your orthopedic surgeon.

Hip Resurfacing vs. Total Hip Replacement (Key Differences)

While both procedures aim to relieve hip pain, they differ significantly in approach and suitability:

• Bone Preservation: Hip resurfacing retains the femoral head, whereas total hip replacement removes it entirely.
• Recovery & Activity: Resurfacing often allows for higher-impact activities post-recovery, making it ideal for athletes.
• Longevity: Younger patients may prefer resurfacing to avoid multiple revisions later in life.
• Risk Factors: Total hip replacement has a longer track record, while resurfacing carries a small risk of metal sensitivity.

Total hip replacement remains the gold standard for older or less active patients, while resurfacing suits those with strong bones and an active lifestyle. Your surgeon will evaluate factors like age, arthritis severity, and bone density to recommend the best option.

Who is a Good Candidate for Hip Resurfacing? (Eligibility Criteria)

Not everyone qualifies for hip resurfacing. Ideal candidates typically include:

• Younger Patients (Under 60): Better bone density supports the implant long-term.
• Active Individuals: Athletes or physically demanding workers benefit from preserved mobility.
• Non-Smokers: Smoking impairs bone healing, increasing complication risks.
• Healthy Bone Structure: Significant osteoporosis or cysts may disqualify a patient.

Women of childbearing age and patients with kidney problems may be advised against resurfacing due to metal ion concerns. A thorough evaluation, including imaging and blood tests, helps determine candidacy.

The Hip Resurfacing Procedure: Step-by-Step (Surgical Process)

Here’s what to expect during hip resurfacing surgery:

1. Anesthesia: General or spinal anesthesia ensures a pain-free experience.
2. Incision: A 6–10-inch incision exposes the hip joint.
3. Bone Preparation: The femoral head is reshaped to fit the metal cap.
4. Implant Placement: The cap is secured, and a metal socket is fixed into the pelvis.
5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples.

The surgery takes 2–3 hours, followed by a hospital stay of 1–3 days. Most patients walk with assistance the same day.

Benefits of Hip Resurfacing (Advantages Over Traditional Surgery)

Key advantages include:

• Natural Movement: Retains more anatomy, enabling near-normal hip function.
• Lower Dislocation Risk: The larger femoral head is more stable.
• Easier Future Revisions: Less bone removal simplifies any follow-up surgeries.
• Faster High-Impact Recovery: Runners and weightlifters often return to sport sooner.

Studies show over 90% of patients report significant pain relief and improved activity levels post-surgery.

Risks and Complications (Potential Side Effects)

While generally safe, hip resurfacing carries risks such as:

• Metal Ion Release: Cobalt/chromium particles may enter the bloodstream (rarely problematic).
• Femoral Neck Fracture: 1–2% risk if the remaining bone weakens.
• Infection or Blood Clots: Standard surgical risks, mitigated with antibiotics and blood thinners.

Choosing an experienced surgeon reduces these risks significantly.

Recovery Timeline & Rehabilitation Tips (Post-Surgery Care)

Typical recovery milestones:

• Week 1–2: Use crutches/walker; focus on gentle movements.
• Month 1–3: Physical therapy restores strength and flexibility.
• Month 6+: Most patients resume sports and heavy activities.

Rehab includes low-impact exercises (swimming, cycling) and avoiding high-impact motions initially.

Success Rates & Long-Term Outcomes (Patient Results)

Studies indicate:

• 90–95% implant survival rate at 10 years.
• 80–85% at 20 years for ideal candidates.

Outcomes depend on patient adherence to activity guidelines and surgeon expertise.

FAQs About Hip Resurfacing (Common Questions Answered)