Hip flexors are a group of muscles that lift the thigh toward the body. They help you walk, climb stairs, sit down, and stand up. Clinicians and physical therapists often discuss Hip flexors when evaluating groin or front-of-hip pain. They are also a common focus in sports medicine, rehabilitation, and gait assessment.

Hip flexion ROM means the hip’s “range of motion” when the thigh moves up toward the trunk. It is commonly measured during orthopedic exams and physical therapy evaluations. It helps describe how much the hip can bend and whether bending is limited or painful. It is also used to track change over time after injury, rehabilitation, or surgery.

Hip flexion contracture is a condition where the hip cannot fully straighten into neutral extension. It usually reflects shortened or stiff tissues at the front of the hip. It can affect posture, walking, and how the pelvis and lower back move. The term is commonly used in orthopedics, physical therapy, and surgical planning.

Hip external rotation ROM is the amount the thigh can rotate outward at the hip joint. It describes a basic hip movement used in walking, pivoting, sitting positions, and sports. Clinicians measure it during a physical exam to understand hip mobility and function. It is commonly used in orthopedics, sports medicine, and physical therapy assessments.

Hip external rotation limitation means the hip cannot rotate outward as much as expected. It is a common exam finding in people with hip pain, stiffness, or altered movement. Clinicians use it to describe what they see on physical exam and on motion testing. It can reflect muscle tightness, joint capsule stiffness, or bony shape differences.

Hip external rotators are muscles that turn the thigh bone (femur) outward at the hip joint. They help position the leg for walking, standing, and changing direction. They also contribute to hip stability by guiding how the femoral head sits in the socket. The term is commonly used in orthopedics, sports medicine, and physical therapy exams and rehab plans.

Hip extensors are the muscles that move the thigh backward at the hip joint. They help you stand up, climb stairs, and control your body during walking and running. They are commonly discussed in physical therapy, sports medicine, and orthopedic exams. They are also a frequent focus in rehabilitation after hip, pelvis, or lower-limb injury.

Hip extension ROM describes how far the thigh can move backward behind the body at the hip joint. It is a range-of-motion measurement used in orthopedic and rehabilitation exams. Clinicians use it to understand mobility limits that can affect walking, posture, and athletic movement. It is commonly discussed in sports medicine, physical therapy, and pre- and post-operative hip care.

Hip extension limitation is reduced ability to move the thigh backward behind the body at the hip joint. It can be a stiffness, a pain-related restriction, or a protective movement pattern. Clinicians commonly discuss it during hip range-of-motion exams, gait analysis, and rehabilitation planning. It is also used to describe temporary motion restrictions after certain hip or pelvic conditions or procedures.

Hip effusion means extra fluid inside the hip joint. It is a clinical finding, not a diagnosis by itself. It is commonly discussed in orthopedics, sports medicine, emergency care, rheumatology, and pediatrics. It often comes up during evaluation of hip pain, limping, stiffness, or reduced range of motion.