Buttock refers to the soft-tissue region on the back of the pelvis, below the waist and above the upper thigh. In everyday use, Buttock describes the rounded area formed mainly by the gluteal muscles and overlying fat. In clinical care, Buttock is a common location for pain descriptions, physical exam findings, and procedural landmarks. It is also an important area for movement, posture, and load transfer between the trunk and legs.
Brooker IV is the most severe grade in the Brooker classification system for heterotopic ossification around the hip. It describes extensive abnormal bone formation that appears to “bridge” the hip joint on X-ray. It is most commonly referenced after hip surgery, especially total hip arthroplasty (hip replacement). Clinicians use it as a shared language to describe severity and guide discussion of functional impact.
Brooker III is a grading term used in the Brooker classification for heterotopic ossification around the hip. It describes a more advanced level of extra bone formation seen on hip X-rays. It is most commonly used after total hip replacement and after significant hip trauma or surgery. Clinicians use it to communicate severity and to guide discussion about stiffness and function.
Brooker II is a radiographic (X-ray–based) grade used to describe heterotopic ossification around the hip. Heterotopic ossification means bone forms in soft tissues where bone does not normally belong. Brooker II is most commonly referenced after hip surgery, especially total hip arthroplasty (hip replacement). It helps clinicians communicate how much extra bone is present and how close it is to limiting motion.
Brooker I is the mildest grade in the Brooker classification for heterotopic ossification around the hip. It describes small “islands” of extra bone seen in the soft tissues near the hip joint on X-ray. It is most commonly used after hip surgery, especially total hip arthroplasty (hip replacement). It helps clinicians describe and track post-operative bone formation in a consistent way.
Brooker classification is a grading system used to describe **heterotopic ossification** around the hip. Heterotopic ossification means **extra bone forming in soft tissues** where bone normally does not grow. The Brooker classification is most commonly applied on **plain X-rays** after hip surgery or hip trauma. It helps clinicians and researchers communicate how extensive the bone formation looks on imaging.
Borderline hip dysplasia is a term used when the hip socket provides slightly reduced coverage of the femoral head. It sits between a clearly normal hip and more definite (frank) acetabular dysplasia. Clinicians commonly use it when evaluating hip pain, clicking, instability sensations, or labral problems. It is most often discussed in orthopedics, sports medicine, hip preservation clinics, and physical therapy.
Bone scan is a nuclear medicine imaging test that shows how active different areas of bone are. It uses a small amount of radioactive tracer and a special camera to detect tracer uptake in the skeleton. Bone scan is commonly used when pain or symptoms are present but standard X-rays do not fully explain why. It is used in orthopedics, sports medicine, oncology, and emergency care to evaluate many bone-related conditions.
Bone marrow edema syndrome is a clinical diagnosis used when a person has significant joint pain and an MRI shows bone marrow edema without a clear destructive cause. “Bone marrow edema” means extra fluid-like signal within the spongy bone on MRI. It is most commonly discussed around the hip, but it can also involve the knee, ankle, or foot. The term is used in orthopedics and sports medicine to describe a pattern of pain plus imaging findings that may be temporary.
Bone marrow edema MRI is an MRI finding that shows increased fluid-like signal within bone marrow. It is most commonly discussed in hips, knees, ankles, and the spine. Clinicians use it to evaluate pain when X-rays are normal or do not explain symptoms. It helps describe bone stress, inflammation, or injury patterns inside the bone.