A Subchondral fracture is a crack or break in the layer of bone just beneath joint cartilage. It most often involves weight-bearing joints such as the hip, knee, and ankle. Clinicians use the term to describe a specific pattern of bone injury that can cause joint pain and limited function. It is commonly discussed in orthopedic clinics and on MRI reports when evaluating unexplained joint pain.

Subchondral edema is swelling-like signal change in the bone just under joint cartilage. It is most often described on MRI as a type of “bone marrow edema pattern.” It can appear in the hip, knee, ankle, and other weight-bearing joints. Clinicians use it as a clue to explain pain and to look for an underlying cause.

A Subchondral cyst is a small cavity or “pocket” within bone just beneath a joint surface. It is most often described on X-ray, CT, or MRI when evaluating joint pain or arthritis. In everyday terms, it is a bone change that can appear near worn joint cartilage. It is commonly discussed in the hip, knee, and other weight-bearing joints.

Subchondral cyst formation is the development of small fluid-filled or tissue-filled cavities in bone just beneath joint cartilage. It is most commonly discussed as an imaging finding in arthritis and other joint conditions. Clinicians use the term in X-ray, CT, or MRI reports to describe changes near weight-bearing surfaces such as the hip. It helps communicate the pattern and severity of joint-related bone remodeling.

Subchondral bone is the layer of bone that sits directly under joint cartilage. It helps support and absorb forces across a joint when you stand, walk, or run. Clinicians discuss it often in osteoarthritis, stress injuries, and cartilage damage. It is commonly evaluated on X-ray, MRI, and CT when joint pain is being investigated.

Stress shielding is a biomechanical effect where bone loses density because it carries less load than it normally would. It most often comes up around orthopedic implants, such as hip replacements, plates, rods, and spinal hardware. In simple terms, when an implant “takes over” too much of the work, nearby bone may weaken over time. Clinicians monitor it because bone strength matters for long-term implant support.

Stress fracture femoral neck describes a small crack or structural failure in the femoral neck caused by repeated loading rather than a single major injury. The femoral neck is the short “bridge” of bone connecting the ball of the hip (femoral head) to the thigh bone (femoral shaft). This diagnosis is commonly considered in runners, military recruits, and active people with new groin or deep hip pain. It can also occur in people with reduced bone strength, where normal daily forces are enough to cause injury.

The Stinchfield test is a physical exam maneuver used to assess hip-related pain. It involves lifting a straight leg against resistance to see whether this reproduces symptoms. It is commonly used in orthopedic, sports medicine, and physical therapy evaluations of hip and groin pain. The test is sometimes called the resisted straight leg raise test.

Stair training post THA is structured practice for going up and down stairs after a total hip arthroplasty (THA), also called total hip replacement. It is commonly introduced in the hospital and continued in outpatient physical therapy or home-based rehabilitation. The goal is to relearn stair mechanics while protecting the healing hip and improving confidence with daily movement. It usually includes education, technique practice, and progression based on function and surgical precautions.

Standing AP pelvis is a weight-bearing X-ray view of the pelvis taken from front to back (anteroposterior). It shows both hips, the pelvic ring, and how the joints align while a person is standing. It is commonly used in orthopedic clinics to evaluate hip pain, arthritis, alignment, and preoperative planning.